Is This English???


2010年5月20日

時蛻? - Tense

時制で軆??ら繧?しいも縺?

■条件を表す副鐔??節は現在形(名詞句は違う)---------------------------
I will start when he comes.     SV
I don't know when he will come.   SVO

■ago縺?before-------------------------------------------------
//agoは現在を起点にし、驕?去で使う
That was happened ten minutes ago.

//beforeは驕?去か未来を起点にし、驕?去完了か未来で使う
When I came back to the office, everyone had left ten minutes before.

■Nowの表軆??-------------------------------------------------
//nowは現在、進鐔??形、現在藹??了
He has finished writing a letter now.

//these days,nowadaysは現在形
They are indifferent to politics these days.

//recentlyは現在藹??了か驕?去蠖?
He has been busy recently.

//just nowは驕?去を暗遉?
He finished writing a letter just now.

//right nowは現在、進鐔??蠖?
I'm doing this right now!

■時制の臀??閾?-------------------------------------------------
どの時点の臀??を言っているのかが決まるので注諢?が必要
聞いてて分かるようになっていると思繧?れ、発鐔??中との觸??較で時制を決めればよい?

//主は現在、従は驕?去
I think it was good.(思ったとき、驕?去のそれがよかった) 
Do you know it was him? / I know it was him.

//主は驕?去、従も驕?去(時制の臀??致・??
I thought it was good.(思ったときとそれが良かったときが同じ時間) 
Did you know it was him? / I knew it was him.

//主が驕?去、従が現蝨?
x)Did you know it is him? / I knew it is him.(これは普通ありえない)

==============================
しかし時制の臀??致を藹??けない文も結構ある、時制の臀??致では表現できないから
==============================
一致を藹??けさせようがない場合は臀??致させな縺?ても良い
(文法を考えるより感覚の方が正しいことも多い)

I thought it is good.(現在もGoodならOK)

これ縺?OK、文法は觸??則であり表現はその枠を超える
Did you know Taro is a student?←これは太驛?がまだ生徒だ縺?OK
Did you know Taro was a student?←これは太驛?が現在生徒でないため時制の臀??致が発生

###時制の臀??致を藹??けない法則###
1)現在の状態・軆??性・職業などを表す(今も)
He told her yesterday that Taro is a college student.
I heard there is a party tonight.
U.S. Secretary said he believed the North Koreans already have some nuclear weapons.

2)不変の真理や社臀??通念をあら繧?す
I learned the earth moves around the sun.

3)歴史臀??の臀??実は常に驕?去蠖?
Everyone knew that the World War 2 ended in 1945.

4)仮藹??法内の動詞
She wished she were a doctor to save her child.

5)条件の副鐔??節
I will start if he comes
==============================

//驕?去の未譚? would
I thought it would be good.(ならあり得る?現在時点で驕?去の推量?)
I thought its gonna be good.(こっち縺?OKでしょう) 
Did you know it is him?(これは饅??目・?? → Did you know it would be him? or Did you know its gonna be him?
I knew it is him.(これは饅??目・?? → I knew it would be him. or I knew its gonna be him.


■使いこなしたい-------------------------------------------------
(現在形、現在進鐔??形、未来形、驕?去形は簡単なので省略できる)
●完了形・??現在を含めての軆??邱?
  have been doing縺?have doneの違い
   have been doingは強調・??期間の長さor is doingが驕?去から今に軆??いていることを強調
笳?驕?去完了=驕?去と觸??べて古い場合につかう大驕?去(Parallelism:事前に大驕?去があって驕?去があることを意識)
  The concert had already started when we got to the theater.
  I lost my pen which I had bought.
●説譏?は全て現在形?
(現在形より未来の、現在形、進鐔??形、未来形しか使えないから2~3ステップしか説譏?できない)
  例文)
    申込み用軆??を書きAへ送信した後、Aは承鐔??を上司に藹??ります。
    その藹??Aからメールが来ますので部門長に許可を藹??ります。
    その藹??権限が付荳?されます
    First of all we have to fill an application form out and send it to A.
    And then A asks the superviser for its approval.
    And then we gets an email from A then we gets the approval from a director.
    Finally we get the previledge for it.
   /// 前置鐔??等でリセットすれば未来形等の現在形以藹??を使っていても現在形に戻れる?
   A sends a request. B will check it. After checking C takes it.
笳?時制の臀??閾?
  どの時点の臀??を言っているのかが決まるので注諢?が必要
  /// 主は現在、従は驕?去
     I think it was good.(思ったとき、驕?去のそれがよかった) 
     Do you know it was him? / I know it was him.
  /// 主は驕?去、従も驕?去(時制の臀??致・??
     I thought it was good.(思ったときとそれが良かったときが同じ時間)
     Did you know it was him? / I knew it was him.
  /// 主が驕?去、従が現蝨?
     I thought it is good.(現在もGoodならOK、時制の臀??致では表現できない)
笳?助動詞(藹??考ページ・?? 助動詞
  be able to: できる(実証觸??み・?? > can: できる(実証していない場合も含む)
  going:すでに決まっている > will:つもり > would:するだろう
  may:50% > might:30% かも知れない、mayはより確度の饅??い許可の「してもよい」という諢?味もある
笳?IF文(藹??考ページ・?? IF & Wish
 ///  直接法(IF現在・??現蝨?/未来・??
   If you accept our offer, we have a deal.(実現可能諤?100%)
   If you accept our offer, we will have a deal.(実現可能諤?80%)
   If you accept our offer, we may have a deal.(実現可能諤?60%)
   If you accept our offer, we must have a deal.(実現可能諤?110%強制の勢い)
  /// 仮藹??法驕?去(IF驕?去+驕?去助動詞: If I/he/she/it were)現在の饅??望を表す。するのになぁ。
   If you accepted our offer, we would have a deal.(実現可能諤?0%~)
   If you accepted our offer, we should have a deal.
   If you accepted our offer, we could have a deal.
   If you accepted our offer, we might have a deal.
  /// 仮藹??法驕?去完了(IF驕?去完了+驕?去助動詞驕?去完了) 驕?去の饅??望を表す。したのになぁ。
   If you had accepted our offer, we would have had a deal.したのになぁ(100%後悔)
   If you had accepted our offer, we should have had a deal.すべきだったのになぁ(200%後悔)
   If you had accepted our offer, we could have had a deal.できたのになぁ(60%実感)
   If you had accepted our offer, we might have had a deal.したかもなぁ(35%関藹??薄)

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