S縺?Vの鐔??順が逆になり「V+S」の鐔??順になることで強調される。

■疑蝠?
You can help me.  -> Can you halp me?

■副鐔??を文頭に置いて強隱?
副鐔??(藹??)を文頭に置き「副鐔??+V+S」の形にする倒置。ただし主鐔??が代名詞の場合には倒置は起こらず「副鐔??+S+V」となる。
There is the bird.
Well do I know him.
Into the water jumped the girl with a splash.　その藹??女は水の中へザブンと饅??び込んだ。
Out went the light.　　譏?かりが消えた。

■否藹??語を文頭に置いて強隱?
「否藹??語+V+S」の鐔??順で強調する。現蝨?/驕?去の臀??般動詞を含む文では「否藹??語+do(does/did)+S+V」の鐔??順になる。
no,nor,never,not,hardly,scarcely,only,rarely,seldom等
Never had I heard such a thing.
No sooner had she left the room than they began to speak ill of her.
Not a bottle did they leave behind.
Little did I dream that I would get the first prize in this contest.
Scarcely had the man seen the policeman when he ran away.
Only when it rains do you feel cool. 雨が降る時しか涼し縺?感じない。
I seldom see her. → Seldom do I see her.

■So / Neither /Nor + (蜉?)動詞 + 主鐔??
I am happy, so are you. （私は幸せだし、あなたもそうだ。）
I like dogs. So do I.
I don't like cats. -> Nor do I. （私もだ、猫が好きでない）
I wasn’t playing soccer. -> Nor was I.（私もだ、やっていない）
Bob can't go, (and) neither can I.

■コメント
コメントの主体を以臀??の形で倒置で表現「窶?, V+S」あるいは譲歩軆??「V+S,…」
窶?, shouted the man.「…、と男はさけんだ。」
Come what may,…「何が起きようとも…」

■仮藹??法ifの省逡?
IFが省略され(蜉?)動詞 + 主鐔??になる。仮藹??法現在、驕?去、驕?去完了等限定せず。
Should it be sunny, I'll go out.
Should anything happen to him, call me at once.
Were I the president, I would use more taxes for the challenged.
Could she marry me.

■補語を文頭に置いて強隱?
補語を文頭に置き「C+V+S」の形にして強調する。ただし主鐔??が代名詞の場合には倒置は起こらず「C+S+V」となる。so that, such that構文
So rich is Nancy [ that she can buy anything ].
Such was his anger [ that he lost control of himself ].
It was such a terrible day that we decided not to go.　→　Such was a terrible day that we decided not to go.

■藹??身の倒鄂?(PP + be + S)
A girl named Susie was killed in the traffic accident. ->  Killed in the traffic accident was a girl named Susie.

■than～,　as～,の部分を強調
She worked hard as most japanese did. → She worked hard as did most japanese.
She spoke more softly than Jack did. → She spoke more softly than did Jack.
ただし、～部分の主語が代名詞であったり動詞が主軆??動詞と異なる場合、倒置は起こらない。

-----------------------------------------------------------
動詞や助動詞が前に来ない倒置のパター繝?

■Rough Movement(構文移動)
You'd be so nice to come home to.
↑
It would be so nice to come home to you.
ジャズのスタンダードの曲名らしい

easy/difficult/hard/tough/comfortable/dangerous/safe
かつ、to不定詞内に名詞が存在する場合縺?itと入れ替えができる模觸??

しかしそれは難し縺?ヒントとして縺?
１）toの藹??がyouの省略だと推測する必要がある。meの省略でないのは、省略できるのは既出の鐔??か譏?確なものだから
２）To come home to you would be so nice.の藹??形であり省略がないと考える。
３）You'd be so nice. / if I could come home to you.の合体と考える

こんなのもある
Max made his way through the crowd by pushing.
↓
Max pushes his way through the crowd.

■目的語を文頭に置いて強隱?
目的語を文頭に置き「O+S+V」の形にして強調する。OVSだと諢?味臀??譏?だろうし。
That book I have already read.
We take the air around us for granted. ->  The air around us we take for granted.

■asの譲歩觸??文
”だけれども”という諢?味が譲歩を表す。省略が進み倒置が起こる
Though he is as famous as he is, he is very modest.
↓
Being famous as he is, he is very modest.（分詞構文）
↓
Famous as he is, he is very modest.（彼は有名だけれども諷?み深い）

Kind as he is, he is not interesting. （彼は優しいけれども、おもしろ縺?ない。）
Young as she was, she could understand her friend's sorrow.（彼女は若いけれど、藹??人の悲しみを理解してあげることができた。）

■構成しやすい語順に藹??譖?
S+V+M1+M2を「S+V+M2+M1」とする。M1が長縺?M2が短い場合に起こりやすい。
The pretty twins are so much different in character from one another.
Japan heavily depends for its oil supply upon the regiion called the Middle East.

■？？？
SVOCを「S+V+C+O」とする。Cが短縺?Oが長い場合に起こりやすい。
He can make others known all of his thought.He can make known to others all of his thought.
possibleが前に出た　→　The Internet made possible a lot of multiplayer online games.

byは軆??め切り「～までに」、untilは期間「までずっと」
A by B
A--->B
She stayed by 4 o'clock.（駄目・??
She will come by 4 o'clock.　4時まで縺?

A until B
A<--->B
She stayed until 4 o'clock.　4時までずっ縺?
She will come until 4 o'clock.（駄目・??

=========================

■例1
Please wait until I come.　縺?OK
She will come until we get there.　は饅??逶?
She will not come until we get there.　縺?OK
She will come before we get there.　縺?OK
She will come by the time we get there.　縺?OK

by は前置鐔??なので藹??ろに軆??をつける場合は、by the time ---のようにします。
until は前置鐔??と接続詞の両方があるので、後ろには名詞、節の両方をつけることができる。
byはある時点、untilは軆??続

■例2
I'll be there until three o'clock.　3時まで藹??ます
I'll be there by three o'clock.　3時までには到着します

■例3
Postpone until --- 縺?OK、　Postpone by --- 駄逶?

■完了形はあいまい
こんなのは文だけで理解できない。文脈が要る。動詞によるとは思うが、、

He has swum for three hours.
He has been swimming for three hours.
上は藹??了で「３時間泳いで軆??繧?った」
下は軆??続で「３時間泳縺?続けていて・??今後も続縺?」
I have studied English for three years.
「英鐔??を３年勉強してきた」 これも高校に鐔??って英鐔??を勉強しづける可能性もある

この臀??はたまたまそういう文脈があっただけで、
have been -ingは強諢?があるということ。継続かどうかが決まる繧?けではない

■他の鐔??い方で藹??了形に鐔??い表現をすることができる
The email has been registered successfully.
登録処理が順調に鐔??繧?れました。（完了形・??

The email is registered already.
メールアドレスは既に登録されているいます。（藹??動態）

The Email is already being used.
メールアドレスは既に使用されています。（藹??身進鐔??形・??

We received your email.
メールアドレスを藹??け藹??った。（驕?去形・??

■■結局
日本鐔??の表現の型と英鐔??の表現の型は違うが、特に藹??了形は型でニュアンスを表現するため理解が定着しに縺?い。完了形は英鐔??の型を覚えてしまい、状觸??に藹??てはめて使えるようにする。一番適切な時制を使うというこ縺?

１）現在藹??了
have done
完了(～したところだ)、経験(～したことがある)、継続(ずっと・??である)、結果(～してしまって臀??は・??だ)
I have done this.
I have never done this.（否藹??）
Have you ever done this?（疑問）
She has done this.（三単現・??
Has she done this?

譏?らかに驕?去を表す副鐔??(yesterday, two years ago 等)と臀??緒に用いられない、それは驕?去形でよい
I did this yesterday.

２）現在藹??了進鐔??蠖?
have been doing
(今までずっと・??している)
I have been doing this.
I have never been doing this.（否藹??）
Have you been doing this?（疑問）
She has been doing this.（三単現・??
Has she been doing this?

現在進鐔??形や完了形でもほとんど諢?味は藹??繧?らない（前者が自然だけど・??
He has been taking the lessons since five.（期間を感じさせる）  -> He is taking the lessons from five.（今を主眼に・??
How long have you been waiting for the girl?  -> How long have you waited for the girl?

３）現在藹??了の藹??霄?
have been done
完了、経験、継続の藹??霄?
I have been called by her.
I haven't been called by her.
Have you been called by her?（疑問）
Have you never been called by her?（否藹??疑問）
She has been called by you.（三単現・??
Has she been called by you?
Hasn't she been called by you?（三単現否藹??疑問）

４）驕?去完了
had done
完了蠖?(完了・軆??験・軆??続)の驕?去形、現在藹??了の各形からhadに藹??える
I had done this then.
I had never done this then.（否藹??）
Had you ever done this then?（疑問）
She had done this then.（三単現・??
Had she done this then?

基觸??の驕?去よりも古い大驕?去を表現する
The concert had already started when we got to the theater. (完了)
He had not seen a sea until that day. (経験)
She had lived alone for ten years when I met her. (継続)

そうでなければ現在藹??了or驕?去形でよい
Have you ever done this? Did you do this?
She has done this. Did she do this?

５）仮藹??法驕?去完了
仮藹??法になると感情が入り肯藹??と否藹??が逆の表現になる
should have done　すべきだったのに・??200%後悔）
would have done　したのに・??100%後悔）
must have done　したに違いない（95%実感）
could have done　だったかも知れない（60%実感）
might have done　してもよかったかも＜どっちでもいい＞（35%関藹??薄）
---
shouldn't have done　すべきでなかったのに・??200%後悔）
wouldn't have done　しなかったのに・??100%後悔）

６）未来藹??了蠖?
will have done
（将来・??やり終えているでしょう）
未来のある時点の状觸??を、以前とつなげて臀??測するときに未来藹??了形を用いる
I will have done this by the day.
I will never have done this by the day.（否藹??）
Will you have done this by the day?（疑蝠?)
She will have done this by the day.（三単現・??
Will she have done this by the day?

What will you have done by the year?
I will have seen the musical three times if I see it again.
Next month we will have been married for twenty years.

文が長縺?なるために口鐔??ではあまり使繧?れない、未来形でいい
I will do this by the day.

７）未来藹??了進鐔??蠖?
will have been doing
(将来までずっと・??している)
未来藹??了を進鐔??形にしないといけないとき。あまり使繧?れない
You will have been working here for twenty years by the time you are 50.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
■since
since（～以来ずっと・??は普通、since従属節は驕?去形で、主軆??は現在形か現在藹??了蠖?/驕?去完了蠖?
I have studied English since I planned it.

sinceは主文の驕?去形と臀??緒に使うことが出来ません 駄目・??I studied Egnlish since last year.
時制の臀??致で驕?去形をとることはある　He said it was five years since then.
継続の諢?味がある現在形の動詞　I feel shaky since I was sick.

〈It's＋時の表現・??since ～〉の形のときは現在形とともに用いることができます
It's a long time since the last meeting.（この前会って以来、久しぶりだね・??

～なので　since = because
これは主文は通常、現在形 Since you are tired, you should take a rest.
時制の臀??致で驕?去形に　Since he was in London, he had a chance to see people playing hockey.

■for the first time
I ate out for the first time in a month. 驕?去蠖?or現在形で使う
It's been a month since I ate out last. 完了形はコ繝?

■since従属節は驕?去形だが例外的に藹??了形になる場合
since 節が完了形になるとき : Lady Satin's English Project (exblog.jp)

------------------------------------------------------------------------
■Once
～したら、～するとすぐ縺?
Once you have reached the traffic lights, turn left.
Once you have been to America, you will want to go back.
Once you have filled out this form, please go to the help desk.
Once you fill out this form, please go to the help desk.

Once＋現在藹??了（あるいは現在・??、主文は現在か未来形
継続を表すdo/read/run/study/learn/play などは、onceの藹??ろではほぼ藹??ず完了形になるでしょう
onceの藹??ろは驕?去は饅??目。下記のようにも使うことがあるらしいが適切でないかも
once he did, he abandoned the internets.

■英鐔??の時制のピクトグラム図解
普通は饅??丸軆??ですが、それを立っている人や動いている人のピクトにすることで、より視覚的に繧?かりやす縺?なる
いつ出来臀??が起こって、どうなっているか縺?2つ臀??の鐔??点が要る
現在形は臀??だけを表している訳ではない、どちらかというと觸??則を言っている